Mechanisms of hyperglycemia induced by immunosuppressant FK506

AIM：To investigate the effect of immunosuppressant FK506 on serum glucose in rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS：Sprague-Dawley rats (n=12) were randomly divided into drug group and normal group. The rats in drug group were intraperitoneally injected with FK506 at dose of 1 mg·kg-1·d-1 and the rats in normal group received saline (1 mL·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 14 d. The fasting weight and fasting glucose were regularly measured every 2 d. Visceral fat was isolated from the rats at the end of experiment. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPAR-γ) was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The protein expression of PPAR-γ and adiponectin was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS：Compared with normal group, the concentration of fasting blood glucose in model group was significantly increased from the 10th day (P<0.05). At day 14, the fasting blood glucose of the model group increased from (5.10±062) mmol/L to (7.73 ± 0.73) mmol/L. No significant change of blood glucose in normal group between the 10th day and the 14th day ［from (4.66 ± 0.32) mmol/L to (5.80±0.10) mmol/L］ was observed. Compared with normal group, the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue of model group was significantly decreased (P<001), whereas the expression of visfatin, resistin and RBP4 was significantly increased (P<005). Compared with normal group, the expression of PPAR-γ and adiponectin in model group was decreased (P<001). CONCLUSION：FK506 may decrease the expression of PPAR-γ to change the expression of adipocytokines and induce hyperglycemia in rats.     

Role of ILK siRNA on expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin in human tubular epithelial cells stimulated by high glucose

AIM：To investigate the effects of siRNA targeting integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line HKC induced by high glucose. METHODS：HKC cells were divided into 4 groups:normal glucose (NG) group, high glucose (HG) group, HG+HK (a vector containing the non-specific siRNA designed as negative control) group and HG＋ILK siRNA group. The inverted fluorescence microscope was used to examine the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The expression of ILK at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was observed by immunocytochemical staining. The protein expression of total GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, nuclear β-catenin, total β-catenin, E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS：GFP was observed in HKC cells, indicating that the transfection was successful. Both the protein and mRNA of ILK were down-regulated in HG＋ILK siRNA group compared with HG group and HG+HK group, but still higher than those in NG group. Silencing of ILK down-regulated the expression of p-GSK-3β and nuclear β-catenin. No difference of total GSK-3β or total β-catenin was observed among the 4 groups. CONCLUSION:These data support a functional role of ILK, GSK-3β and β-catenin in tubular EMT induced by high glucose. ILK may promote tubular EMT by regulating the activity of GSK-3β and β-catenin, the downstream effectors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.     

Chronic alcohol intake-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition contri-butes to hepatic fibrogenesis in mice

AIM：To evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the histopathological changes of the liver and to determine the contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to hepatic fibrogenesis. METHODS：Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as following: the mice in control group was given (ig) water; the mice in low-dose alcohol group (2.0 g·kg -1·d -1) and high-dose alcohol group (4.0 g·kg -1·d -1) were given (ig) alcohol for 5 months. Alcohol-induced histopathological changes of the liver or development of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated using the histological methods with HE and Masson trichrome staining. The apoptosis of the liver was detected by TUNEL fluorometric staining (counterstained with DAPI). The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured by an automated biochemical analyzer. The expression of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin in the hepatic tissues was detected by immunofluorescence examination. The protein levels of E-cadherin, α-SMA, FSP-1, transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS：Compared with control, the activity of serum ALT and AST, and apoptotic index of liver tissues were increased in the mice treated with alcohol for 5 months. The histopathological changes of the livers in the mice of low-dose alcohol group included steatosis and mild liver fibrosis, while severe liver fibrosis was observed in the high-dose alcohol-treated mice. Chronic alcohol consumption induced the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and the decreases in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the livers. It also reduced E-cadherin expression and increased α-SMA expression. FSP-1 immunostaining and albumn immunostaining positive cells were co-localized in the hepatocytes of low-dose alcohol group, but only FSP-1 positive hepatocytes were observed in high-dose alcohol group. Chronic alcohol consumption decreased E-cadherin expression and increased α-SMA, FSP-1, TGF-β 1 and HIF-1α expression in a dose-dependent manner, but the HIF-1α expression was not altered between the 2 alcohol-treated groups. CONCLUSION：Chronic alcohol intake induces the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Some fibroblasts derive from hepatocytes in liver fibrosis via EMT. The underlying mechanism is associated with the changes of the redox state, and increased TGF-β 1 generation and HIF-1α expression.     

体育舞蹈教学中音乐教育与学生动作表现能力的关系

体育舞蹈是集体操、武术、音乐和动作技能表现能力于一身的一门课程,它在达到提高身体机能、 锻炼身体目的的同时,通过舞蹈元素与形体艺术的结合,在音乐的伴奏下,通过舞的形式诠释“动”的概 念,通过技能教育陶冶了学生的情操,提高了学生的艺术审美能力,促进了学生的全面发展。并学习了如 何展现自身独特的魅力。运用文献分析、教学实验的方法,对参与北方大学公共体育课程体育舞蹈教学的 学生进行了研究。研究的结果上表明：体育舞蹈教学中音乐教育与学生动作表现能力关系十分密切。     

不同枣粮间作模式物质积累及产量成因分析

在枣粮间作模式下对间作作物的物质积累及产量成因进行对比分析,以玉米品种先育335、高粱品种沈杂5号为试材,分别对其在出苗后45、60、75、90 d和105 d的净光合速率、干物质积累、产量构成因素、株高和茎粗等指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明：在枣粮间作模式下,玉米和高粱分别在ZY4和ZG8模式下粮食产量最高;高粱在各生育时期内的光合速率均高于玉米,在不同生长时期内差异较小,相对玉米可适当密植;在ZY4和ZG8的模式下玉米和高粱干物质积累平均速率高,为高产量的形成奠定物质基础;穗数和粒重受密度影响较大,穗粒数影响较小,ZY4和ZG8模式下枣树、玉米、高粱三者配置模式较好。     

强源活库优米栽培对华南广适型超级稻产量的影响

【目的】探明强源活库优米栽培技术对华南广适型超级稻产量的影响,即通过强化叶片"源"的功能和籽粒"库"的活性来提高华南广适型超级稻产量。【方法】以5个华南广适型超级稻品种"胜泰1号"、"玉香油占"、"桂农占"、"合美占"和"丰美占"为材料,设置强源活库优米栽培技术(简称强源活库栽培)和常规高产栽培技术(简称常规高产栽培)2个处理,通过大田试验研究栽培技术对华南广适型超级稻品种产量和物质生产特性的影响。【结果】与常规高产栽培技术相比较,强源活库栽培技术显著提高了"胜泰1号"、"玉香油占"、"桂农占"、"合美占"和"丰美占"的实际产量,产量增幅为18.60%~26.23%,并且在强源活库栽培技术下,水稻干物质积累量、叶面积指数、生长发育后期的叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性及籽粒蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性均有提高,从而有利于高产形成。【结论】强源活库栽培技术可显著提高华南广适型超级稻的产量。     

补血草属植物资源的耐盐性研究进展

补血草属(Limonium Mill.)植物能有效适应高盐环境,广泛分布于典型的草原群落、沙质草原和内陆盐碱地上。文章对近年来研究较多的几种白花丹科补血草属植物(中华补血草、黄花补血草、大叶补血草和二色补血草)在形态、生理特征以及分子机制等方面的耐盐性研究进展进行了综述,同时比较了补血草属植物间的耐盐性研究情况,最后对补血草属植物今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

中华补血草和德国补血草的耐盐性比较

【目的】比较中华补血草(Limonium sinense Kuntze)和德国补血草（Limonnium tataricum）的耐盐能力。【方法】以中华补血草和德国补血草为试材,设置1.66 （对照CK）,4,6,8,10,12,14 mg/g NaCl胁迫处理,分析不同处理下2种补血草的生长情况及叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和电解质外渗率等指标变化,并比较2种补血草叶片的盐腺分布特征。【结果】在1.66～8 mg/g NaCl胁迫下,2种补血草植株外部形态无明显变化;在10～14 mg/g NaCl胁迫下,随盐胁迫程度的加剧,2种补血草盐害症状加重,且德国补血草比中华补血草盐害程度深,出现盐害症状时间早。在 1.66～10 mg/g NaCl胁迫下,2种补血草叶片中的MDA含量变化小,德国补血草在NaCl含量为12 mg/g时、中华补血草在NaCl含量为14 mg/g时,MDA含量上升;SOD活性均随NaCl含量的增加而先升后降,中华补血草增幅大,而德国补血草降幅大;2种补血草细胞电解质外渗率均随NaCl含量的增加而总体呈上升趋势,德国补血草上升幅度大。中华补血草叶表皮分布的盐腺直径极显著小于德国补血草,分布密度极显著大于德国补血草,盐腺面积所占比例较德国补血草大。【结论】中华补血草能耐NaCl含量为14 mg/g的土壤,德国补血草能耐NaCl含量为12 mg/g的土壤,中华补血草的耐盐性强于德国补血草。     

《工程热力学与传热学》课程中水蒸气一章的教学体会

针对学生普遍认为《工程热力学与传热学》课程中水蒸气一章内容抽象难懂、学习效果不理想的状况,根据教学实践,提出了如何激发学生学习欲望、合理安排教学内容、营造良好教学氛围等几点教学体会,旨在为同行提供借鉴和参考,提高《工程热力学与传热学》课程的教学质量。     

港、澳、珠三角旅游互动合作及机制的演化研究

港、澳、珠三角地缘相连、资源互补、文化同源、经济相融、旅游产品丰富,互补发展的优势明显。三地游客互流呈现出互为目的地和中转地的特征。基础推动力、市场驱动力、政府调控力是推动三地互动合作的主要动力因素,其中,基础推动力在三地旅游互动合作发展的整个过程中起到重要的基础作用。起步发展期,政府调控力发挥了重要作用,市场驱动力则相对弱;快速发展期,市场驱动力则成为主要驱动因素;深入发展时期,政府调控力又发挥了不可替代的作用。但三地的旅游互动合作仍存在诸多障碍,继续增强游客互流的便捷性、拓宽合作领域、深化合作内容及优化空间布局是三地旅游互动合作的关键。